Precision VAC 400

---

  The distillation column is designed for multistage separation of carbon-based feedstock into a wide range of hydrocarbon fractions using vacuum fractional distillation. The system enables highly accurate separation of components with different boiling points — from light gases (C1–C5) to heavy fuel oil and residual fractions (450°C+).

• Up to 1 ton of feedstock per cycle.

• Universal operation mode, adaptable to various feedstock types.
• Can function as a dehydration unit:
  
  • First module (of three) removes moisture and light fractions.
  • Second and third modules refine the remaining feedstock.

• Thermal oil
• Antifreeze
  (Water is not used in the process)

• 9 upper chillers
• 1 main lower chiller

• Maximum: 260 kW
• Average operating: 180–190 kW
• For light fraction distillation: 70–80 kW

• Deep fractional distillation
• Solvent production
• Crude oil and fraction distillation to meet specified parameters

• Vacuum range: 750–780 Pa

• Heptane: 98-100°C
• Hexane: 69-70°C
• Pentane: 36-38°C
• Benzene: 80-81°C
• Toluene: 110-111°C
• Xylene: 138-140°C

• Kerosene: 150-250°C
• Ethylbenzene: 136-137°C
• Styrene: 145-146°C

• Diesel fuel: 250-350°C
• Cumene: 177-178°C
• Phenols: 180-220°C
• Naphthalene: 218-220°C

• Base oils: above 350°C
• Bitumen: above 400°C

• The system consists of three sequentially connected units (“cubes”).
• Each cube contains three parallel-operating columns (600 mm in diameter, 7 m high), functionally equivalent.
• This modular structure eliminates the need for one bulky column (diameter >2 m), increasing vacuum reliability and simplifying maintenance.

• Each column is divided into 9 temperature levels.
• At each level, fractions with a specific boiling point range are separated.
• Temperature and pressure are monitored and controlled at each level, ensuring process accuracy and stability.

• All columns in a cube process the same feedstock, distributing the flow between them.
• This allows for high throughput without increasing the system’s footprint.

• Feedstock is preheated to 140–450°C using electric heaters or boilers.
• The temperature is selected based on feedstock composition.

• Vacuum lowers boiling points and prevents thermal decomposition.
• Separated fractions include:
  
  • Gaseous: CH₄ – C₄H₁₀ (up to 60°C)
  • Light Gasoline: C₆ – C₈ (60–130°C)
  • Aromatics: Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes (80–160°C)
  • Middle Distillates: Kerosene, Decane (160–250°C)
  • Heavy Hydrocarbons: Diesel, Cetane (250–350°C)
  • Fuel oil/lubricating fractions: (350–450°C)
  • Residue: Asphaltenes, Resins (>450°C)

• Each fraction is routed to a corresponding chiller for cooling:
  
  • 9 small chillers of 90 kW each
  • 1 main chiller — 320 kW
• Output temperatures are stabilized to target values: from 15°C (light) to 60°C (heavy).

• Industrial Siemens controllers (S7), SCADA integration, HMI panels.
• PID controllers, thermocouples (K, Pt100), and vacuum gauges are used.
• Vacuum is stabilized with pumps featuring automatic regulation.

• Variable frequency drives adjust the feed rate based on the column conditions.

• Automatic shutdown in case of overheating, pressure surges, or equipment failure.
• Alarm signals are transmitted to the control room or remotely.

• Coolant (propylene glycol/ethylene glycol) circulates in a closed loop.
• Cooling is backed up by the main chiller.
• Flow balance across columns is maintained via adjustable valves.

• High separation accuracy: Thanks to nine temperature levels and vacuum mode.
• Flexibility: Parameter tuning for any carbon-containing feedstock.
• Compact and scalable: Parallel operation of modular columns.
• Energy efficiency: Vacuum reduces energy required for heating.
• Automation and safety: Full control over all stages of the process.